Princes, boyars: Titles of nobility in Russia worked differently than in Western Europe until the reign of Peter the Great, when he patterned them after the German system. Prince is used here to translate the words "kniaz" as well as "tsarevich." "Kniaz" refers, in medieval Russia, to a member of the Rurikid dynasty. "Tsarevich" means literally "son of the Tsar."

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